Electrical panels

Electrical shield…. What is it? This is the beginning of the entire electrical part of the building, and it doesn’t matter if it’s a huge factory in a metropolis or a modest grandmother’s house in the village. Everywhere there is electrical shield.

In this article we will get acquainted with the most common electrical panels that can be found in everyday life. For example, take the most ordinary apartment building.

So where does the electrical part of the house begin? Depending on the project, on the power that is supplied to the house, the electrical part begins with an electrical panel. In the switchboard there can be a switchgear (input distribution device) or main switchboard (main switchboard). It is to these installations that power cables from a transformer substation (TP) come.

In the main switchboard and switchgear there are introductory circuit breakers or circuit breakers with fusible inserts. Further, after the opening machines, there are outgoing machines that feed the riser cables. Also in the main switchboard and switchgear installed metering device, circuit breakers and automation for lighting the front door, street, basement and utility room. Also, the lighting panel (SC) and the emergency lighting panel (SCAO) can be installed in each front door (entrance) individually.

In each front door, on each flight of stairs floor switchboards. Floor boards (SC), depending on the project, are equipped with electricity metering devices (meters), automatic counting machines, outgoing machines for protecting electrical wiring and consumer equipment.

Most floor electric switchboards are arranged approximately the same, and consist of 3 main parts: subscriber, accounting part and low-current part. In the subscriber part of the electrical panel there are circuit breakers and an introductory RCD (protective shutdown device), in the metering part there is a meter, in the low-current part there are television and telephone cables, the Internet.

In modern floorboards (SC), the subscriber and accounting sections are combined into one common compartment.

Recently, during the repair of apartments, most apartment owners equip their own, separate distribution electrical panel in their apartment. On the stairwell, in the floor electrical panel, only the meter and introductory machine remain. What is the advantage of an apartment distribution board?

In most apartments, no matter when they were built, according to the project, the entire electrical part of the apartment is divided into two or three groups - a lighting group, a socket group and a group for lighting a bathroom and kitchen. These same projects were typical in the 70-90s. They use these projects to this day, not taking into account the fact that the load on the outlet groups is far from the same as before.

Almost everyone who bought an apartment in a new building or who makes repairs in the old fund, make a full wiring replacement to a new one, and accordingly the number of machines increases to 10-20 pcs, depending on the number of consumers.

Without really going into the electrical wiring diagram of the apartment, consider the most common version of the shield for a 2-3-room apartment.

1) Introductory machine - 32 A

2) Lighting of rooms - 10A (16A)

3) Corridor lighting - 10A

4) Lighting of the kitchen, bathroom - 10A

5) Kitchen sockets - 16A (differential automatic)

6) Oven - 16A

7) Electric boiler - 20A

8) Air conditioning No. 1 - 16A

9) Air conditioning No. 2 - 16A

10) Washing machine - 16A (20A)

11) Sockets room No. 1 16A (differential automatic)

12) Sockets com No. 2 16A (differential automatic)

13) Sockets com No. 3 16A (differential automatic)

14) etc.

Electrical panels can be equipped in different ways, depending on the qualifications of the electrician (most often, customers trust the load balancer to the installer, since few people do the apartment project), depending on the wishes of the customer.

Many electricians, in order to save customer money, put one thing in common RCD to all outlet groups, and the outgoing outlet groups themselves are protected by circuit breakers. Besides circuit breakers, in the switchboard there is a bus “zero” and a bus “earth”.

Read also: How to upgrade the electrical panel in a country house